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Structures with Prof. H
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Добавлен 22 апр 2021
I'm Dr. Brock Hedegaard, and I'm a professor of civil engineering at the University of Minnesota Duluth. I feature tutorials on finite element analysis (FEA), structural analysis, reinforced concrete, and structural design. Whether you are a graduate student entering their first foray into FEA, an undergraduate taking an introduction to structural analysis, or even a professional studying for the PE exam, I aim to provide useful content for your engineering education.
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Deflection of Reinforced Concrete Beams - Example using ACI 318-19
This video presents an example problem for calculating the immediate live load deflections of a reinforced concrete beam according to ACI 318-19. The effective moment of inertia for the beam, which has changed in the most recent version of the code, is computed for dead only and dead + live loading. The service-load displacements are computed, and then the appropriate ACI 318-19 deflection limit is checked.
Studying for the FE or PE exams? Save 15% on exam prep materials:
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- PE Civil (Breadth): ppi2pass.com/pe-exam/civil/breadth?affiliate=5052...
Studying for the FE or PE exams? Save 15% on exam prep materials:
- FE Civil: ppi2pass.com/fe-exam/civil?affiliate=50524f4648
- PE Civil (Structural): ppi2pass.com/pe-exam/civil/structural-depth?affiliate=50524f4648
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Просмотров: 13 796
Видео
Flat Roof Snow Loads using ASCE 7-22
Просмотров 3,7 тыс.Год назад
On Tuesday, March 14, the roof collapsed on the Miller Hill Mall in Duluth, Minnesota, under snow loading. How much snow did that roof carry at collapse, and what are the current design standards for computing the flat roof snow load? This video shows an example of how to compute the flat roof snow load prescribed by ASCE/SEI 7-22. Exposure and thermal factors are discussed, as is use of the AS...
Shear Design Example - Reinforced Concrete Beams using ACI 318-19
Просмотров 28 тыс.Год назад
This video presents a complete example problem for conducting the shear design of reinforced concrete beams according to ACI 318-19. First, the demands are computed using a shear envelope. Then the proper shear limits are checked to ensure the beam dimensions are allowable and that the proper stirrup spacing is selected. Finally stirrup spacing is computed along the length of the beam to satisf...
I Broke These Concrete Beams - Design Principles from Beam Failures
Просмотров 611 тыс.Год назад
I constructed six reinforced concrete beams in the lab and then loaded them to failure. What can we learn about reinforced concrete behavior and good design principles from these tests? Two of the beams exhibited flexural failures with lots of flexural cracking and ultimate crushing of the concrete in compression. Two beams had traditional shear failures, with a diagonal crack extending through...
Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams using ACI 318-19
Просмотров 7 тыс.Год назад
Shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams has changed from ACI 318-14 to the latest code edition, ACI 318-19. The detailed method is no more, and significant changes have been made the concrete term Vc. This video gives an overview of shear in reinforced concrete beams, highlights the changes in the concrete Vc term, and reviews the steel stirrup contribution Vs. Two example problems are comp...
Structural Analysis using ETABS - Fundamentals
Просмотров 2,5 тыс.Год назад
In this tutorial, we learn how to use ETABS, a structural analysis and building design software package. ETABS has a lot to offer, so this video focuses on learning the basics of how to define a model, apply loads and load combinations, and interpret the analysis results. We first define material and section properties. Then we draw the two-dimensional truss model. Finally, we place point and d...
Concrete Beam Design 101 - Tension Reinforcement
Просмотров 8 тыс.Год назад
Learn how to find the required amount of steel to carry the moment demand in a reinforced concrete beam. This video presents two different methods for estimating the steel area: a ballpark method, and a more exact stress ratio method. After introducing these principles, a full design example problem is shown. ACI 318-19 provisions are all satisfied for the minimum area of steel, bar spacing, an...
Moment Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Просмотров 4 тыс.Год назад
The nominal moment capacity of a concrete beam can be calculated using the Whitney Stress Block approximation (also known as the Equivalent Rectangular Stress Block). This is done to average the nonlinear concrete stresses at the ultimate state. This video also shows how to find the curvature, steel strain, and strength-reduction (phi) factor. Studying for the FE or PE exams? Save 15% on exam p...
Transformed Sections and Cracked Moment of Inertia
Просмотров 4,9 тыс.Год назад
Once a reinforced concrete beam is cracked, the section reduces dramatically from the gross moment of inertia to the cracked moment of inertia. This cracked section is active from the cracking moment up until the yielding moment, when the steel yields. Computing the cracked moment of inertia is important for finding deflections of concrete beams under service loads. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction ...
Cracking Moment of Reinforced Concrete Beams - Gross Section vs Transformed Section
Просмотров 3,7 тыс.Год назад
In this video, we focus on the first uncracked phase of bending in a reinforced concrete beam. We compute the cracking moment and curvature and cracking using two different approximations: (1) Gross section - ignore the steel, use concrete only (2) Transformed section - transform the steel area into equivalent concrete area The gross section approximation is often used in design, as it is close...
Concrete, Steel, and Why They Work Well Together
Просмотров 6 тыс.Год назад
Concrete and steel reinforcement combine into reinforced concrete, one on the most popular building systems on the planet. What makes these materials such a dynamic duo? In this video, we learn about the stress-strain properties of concrete and steel, and why they complement each other. We then see how longitudinal reinforcement helps carry moments and transverse reinforcement (stirrups) helps ...
How do structures carry wind and seismic loads? An Intro to Lateral Force Resisting Systems
Просмотров 11 тыс.Год назад
Buildings carry lateral (i.e., horizontal) loads through lateral force resisting systems. This video introduces the three most common systems: (1) Braced frames (2) Moment frames (3) Shear walls The lateral force resisting system does not need to cover the entire structural system, but lateral loads do need to be able to transfer from their point of application to the LFRS. Chapters: 0:00 Intro...
Approximate Beam Analysis - The Art of Being Close Enough
Просмотров 3,2 тыс.Год назад
This video is the first in a series on approximate structural analysis. Approximate analysis is valuable for checking results from an indeterminate or computer analysis. It is also very useful for multiple choice exams, such as the FE and PE exams - getting a quick answer that is close enough can eliminate incorrect solutions or even hone in on the correct answer. This first video focuses on in...
Direct Analysis Method for Steel Buildings using RISA 3D
Просмотров 2,9 тыс.2 года назад
This video illustrates the process for conducting the Direct Analysis Method for steel structures per the 15th Edition of the AISC Steel Construction Manual (AISC 360-16, Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, Chapter C). This video performs design according to LRFD, though the ASD procedure is similar. The primary benefit of performing structural analysis per the Direct Analysis Proced...
Slope-Deflection Equations for Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 1,9 тыс.2 года назад
Slope-Deflection Equations for Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Force Method for Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 9 тыс.2 года назад
Force Method for Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Deflection of Beams using Moment-Area Method - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 38 тыс.2 года назад
Deflection of Beams using Moment-Area Method - Intro to Structural Analysis
Deflection of Frames using Principle of Virtual Work - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 6 тыс.2 года назад
Deflection of Frames using Principle of Virtual Work - Intro to Structural Analysis
Deflection of Trusses using Principle of Virtual Work - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 6 тыс.2 года назад
Deflection of Trusses using Principle of Virtual Work - Intro to Structural Analysis
Design Envelopes for Worst-Case Demands with Movable Live Loads
Просмотров 2 тыс.2 года назад
Design Envelopes for Worst-Case Demands with Movable Live Loads
Muller-Breslau Principle for Influence Lines - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 14 тыс.2 года назад
Muller-Breslau Principle for Influence Lines - Intro to Structural Analysis
Influence Lines and Moving Loads - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 13 тыс.2 года назад
Influence Lines and Moving Loads - Intro to Structural Analysis
Projected Loads and Snow Loads - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 14 тыс.2 года назад
Projected Loads and Snow Loads - Intro to Structural Analysis
Axial, Shear, and Moment Diagrams in Frames - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 62 тыс.2 года назад
Axial, Shear, and Moment Diagrams in Frames - Intro to Structural Analysis
Stress, Internal Forces, and Shear and Moment Diagrams - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 5 тыс.2 года назад
Stress, Internal Forces, and Shear and Moment Diagrams - Intro to Structural Analysis
Truss Analysis - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 4,7 тыс.2 года назад
Truss Analysis - Intro to Structural Analysis
Determinate vs Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 72 тыс.2 года назад
Determinate vs Indeterminate Structures - Intro to Structural Analysis
Gravity Load Systems, Tributary Area, and Influence Area - Intro to Structural Analysis
Просмотров 9 тыс.2 года назад
Gravity Load Systems, Tributary Area, and Influence Area - Intro to Structural Analysis
Intro to Structural Analysis - Loads and LRFD
Просмотров 3,3 тыс.2 года назад
Intro to Structural Analysis - Loads and LRFD
Concrete Microplane Model - FEA using ANSYS - Lesson 10
Просмотров 15 тыс.2 года назад
Concrete Microplane Model - FEA using ANSYS - Lesson 10
Asked Claude 3.5 : Let me explain why rebars are often placed at the bottom of beams: Tension zone: When a beam is loaded from the top, the bottom of the beam experiences tension. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Steel rebars are added to the bottom to handle these tensile forces. Bending moment: The maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam typically occurs at the middle of the span. This creates the greatest tension at the bottom of the beam in this area. Compression zone: The top of the beam is typically in compression when loaded from above. Concrete is already strong in compression, so it often doesn't need as much reinforcement there. Testing to failure: In tests, placing the rebar at the bottom allows researchers to observe how the beam behaves under typical loading conditions. They can see how the concrete cracks and how the steel reinforcement performs. However, it's important to note that in real-world applications, beams often do have some reinforcement at the top as well, especially for: Negative bending moments over supports in continuous beams Shrinkage and temperature control Torsional resistance Compression reinforcement in some designs
THANKS!
I have some problems, I don't know if you could help me
Some structural engineering problems that I need the solution
Great explanation! Thank you for the video!
thanks a lot man u saved me with this video!!
❤❤❤
Would an RCC wall such as an ICF wall have any load, deflection or shear effect on an RCC beam if the wall was equal to the effectiive length of the beam once the wall was fully cured?
There is a design usable life of the structure, maybe 70 years or so. There should slso be inspection and maintenance requirements on the building, just like cars. The roof has been functional for 50 years. I would say the design was proper.
well demonstrated. Enjoyed it.
Your videos are extremely exceptional sir. Please keep on posting. It’s hard to find such a good ref these days. Thanks once again.
How do your beams compare to wood, the second beam for instance?
Thank you
Hi Professor, Thanks for the video as always. Was wondering in practice where the cracked moment comes into play? It seems that engineer's are almost always focused on the reinforced design moment strength.
The cracking moment is typically only used for serviceability concerns (i.e., deflections). When estimating deflections of concrete beams, the moment of inertia will change depending on whether the beam is cracked or uncracked. I have another video on that topic: ruclips.net/video/jI6wwjby9Ms/видео.html
Thanks for your sharing Prof.H!
Thanks sir from germany. I would be grateful to you if fürther videos of approximate analysis of frames are uploaded.
Does it mean that when ever your calculations gives you zero as an answer, it shows that the trusses is determinate?
Yep, zero means determinate (unless there is some other issue that causes instability).
Please can you make a video how to calculate the bending moments at the end of a fixed concrete beam on both sides when one side moves down (settlement) this condition usually is imposed by soil engineers
i thought you're supposed to waith at least 28 days for proper cure?
Sorry, I wasn’t clear in the video. We did a wet cure (with burlap) for 7 days. We tested roughly one month after casting. That said, there are many applications in the real world where concrete is loaded well before 28 days, and concrete will continue to gain strength even after 28 days. It’s more accurate to say that 28 days is the laboratory standard.
And now, a video about real buildings where concrete beams are loaded that way...
best youtube channel for civil indsutry ever . experience is better than theory
This is the best video I have ever seen
Excellent understanding after watching this lecture
Thank you very much sir, this is a great work. Thanks alot
Sir, absolutely mind blowing. Your hinge method introduction is phenomenal. Please keep on posting great videos. I do have some few FEA uncleared questions. Is there any possible way to reach you?
thank you dear prof . could you please cane you give me some idea how it's come in in exam?
🥰🥰🥰
Great explanation
hey, (i'm just taking a peek into the next semester curriculum), but one thing i dont get is why you use this method to find support reactions, are they initially unknown?
Yes, the reactions are unknown. For an indeterminate structure, equilibrium alone is not enough to solve for the reactions, so that's why we need the force method (or other techniques for indeterminate structural analysis).
how do you find r?
"r" is the number of releases, where a release counts as a single known internal force. So for example, a hinge in a beam forces the bending moment to be zero at that location - that counts as one release, because we know that M = 0 at that point. You can also have releases for shear and axial forces as well. These can even be combined. For example, a roller-like expansion joint in a bridge might count as two releases if both the axial force N = 0 and the bending moment M = 0 at that location.
@@StructuresProfH thank you!
What if I have a curved (semi-circular in my instance) frame? How do I implement NQM there?
The full answer might be a full video, but in the meantime, I'd probably take slices of the free body diagram at some angle theta (sort of like polar coordinates) rather than at some position x. For a semi-circular frame, the axial force will be tangential, the shear force will be radial, and the bending moment will still just be a moment. Even for a concentrated force at the peak of frame, the axial and shear force values will not be constants - they will vary by the angle theta. From there, you can apply equilibrium (sum of forces and sum of moments) to find the internal forces.
Dear Professor! In the "Model type" option, if I select "Cable", will it be a compressed structure? 12:51
No, the "Cable" option will not automatically prestress the structure, though you can do that with a little work. If you have a linear mesh, Cable creates the LINK180 element designation, which is the same as you would use for a simple truss. If you have a quadratic mesh, Cable creates the CABLE280 element. This element requires tensile stress to provide adequate transverse stiffness, and may be unstable under compression - it works essentially like a hanging string or cable. For most applications, either Link/Truss or Cable would work for applying prestressing, but I think Link/Truss is a bit easier to deal with. Either way, to apply prestressing you need to define an initial stress in the link or cable. The INISTATE command using Mechanical APDL is the way to go.
@@StructuresProfH Thanks Dear Professor Could you create such a 3D video on RUclips? What material do I need to define for the cables? I must set Link/Truss option?
I encourage you to add more tutorial videos related to the new ACI 318-19 code in the future. Your videos are very helpful and easy to understand.
How did you compute Av min (at 8:35 of this video).
Thank you for uproading this video.
in mesh, there's no squares visible. how?
Hello i have other questions Why can't I see the "Edit Sketch" button in SpaceClaim. I want create construction frame model in 3D. I have version - Ansys 2024R1 Student
Brilliant dear sir!
for the last example if there were no hinges in the frame then would it be indeterminate to the fourth degree?
That is correct!
That's an amazing lecture! Everything was explained with great proficiency.
It seems to me like beam 5 needs to be longer. The weight can't break it at the center so it breaks it at the end since thats where the opposing force is
is the BC's BMD correct
hi, may I ask if how did you get the -7.5 and the displacement 0.625 ?
So the Ax and Cx reactions would dictate the required thrust force to be resisted. Would you do an example where a collar tie is installed and no ceiling tie as in many wood framed homes?
Yes, the Ax and Cx reactions are the thrust forces. Normally these could be resisted by a ceiling or rafter tie. A collar tie near the peak of roof does not effectively reduce these thrust forces. I believe the primary purpose for collar ties is to better secure the rafters to the ridge beam. Anyway, if you don't have a ceiling tie, that thrust force needs to be resisted by the walls that support the roof. The other option is to have a structural ridge beam. In structural analysis terms, that means adding a third vertical support at the roof peak - this effectively eliminates the horizontal thrust forces because the truss is no longer being "squashed" out by the vertical load.
Does the negative/positive component of the M diagram become relevant if some parts are negative and some are positive? In the second example, even though it was negative you didn't include it?
Yes, the moment diagram sign is relevant if some is negative and some is positive. The sign gives you the direction of curvature (positive opens up or "smiles" while negative opens down or "frowns"). It is important to keep this consistent in general when taking the moment of the area. That said, if the sign is all positive or all negative, I usually handle the signs intuitively (some might say lazily!) for the moment area method just by considering the deflected shape geometry. The negative sign in the second example is reflected by the fact that the deflected shape is below the tangent, whereas the positive sign in the first example is reflected by the fact that the deflected shape is above the tangent.
@@StructuresProfH Awesome, did some examples and its making much more sense.
Excellent Video!!
Hello Sir, can you use the reinforcement connect a post-tension tendon in the concrete beam?
THANKS!!!!YOU saved my staying in collage
Happy to help!
Thanks for the video. Is it correct to state that the only reason the reactions have an X component is due to the hinge at the peak of the roof?
The hinge certainly doesn't help, but you will still get horizontal (X-component) reactions even without the hinge. As the load presses down on the structure, it tends to "flatten out" which will be resisted as horizontal reactions. The hinge means it tends to "flatten" more under vertical load than an equivalent system without a hinge, but the phenomena is present for either case.
Why is it then with truss analysis vertical loads never transfer lateral force to the roller/pin? Due to a 3 force member in equilibrium? And in the roof case, the bottom chord would resist the tension?
@@WG-ft6tz For truss analysis, we typically assume that one support is a pin and the other is a roller (meaning, it allows for horizontal movement). In this configuration, any horizontal force is resisted by tension in the bottom chord. However, if both supports are pins (meaning both resist horizontal motion), then you will once again get horizontal reactions even if you have a bottom chord. This is because the deformation of the truss will push these two supports outward, which is resisted by inward horizontal reactions.
Ah thank you! So used to analyzing pin/roller trusses in examples. Subscribed!
hello professor, is it possible to carryout numerical modelling of crack propagation using ANSYS
Thank you very much. I like the video and I understand your accent very well.